Browsing by Author "MANYANYA, MARGARET"

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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CULTURAL FACTORS, SEXUAL AND GENDER VIOLENCE AMONG CONGOLESE MALE REFUGEES IN KAKUMA CAMP, TURKANA WEST COUNTY, KENYA
    (Egerton University, 2025-09) MANYANYA, MARGARET
    Sexual violence is a significant public health and human rights issue worldwide. Refugees and asylum seekers affected by armed conflict are particularly vulnerable. In Kenya, the extent of sexual violence in humanitarian settings remains underexplored. Although many organizations address gender-based violence, little is known about male refugees who are victims of sexual violence. The study established the relationship between social cultural factors, sexual and gender- based violence among Congolese’s male refugees. It also established, the different types of SGBV, cultural norms and values, dominant notions of masculinity, gender identities and their relationship to SGBV among Congolese male refugees. The study adopted trauma theory and employed the mixed cross-sectional survey research design, employing both quantitative and qualitative. The target population 17,848 registered Congolese male refugees, in Turkana West-sub- County. A sample size of 382 male refugees and 6 key informants were selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and key informant interviews. A total of 382 male refugees and 6 key informants were interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations, with the assistance of SPSS version 28. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and coded thematically. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes related to the research questions, and verbatim quotes were used to amplify the voices of the informants. Findings revealed that Congolese male refugees in Kakuma experience various forms of SGBV, including physical abuse (46%), sexual abuse (33%), and psychological abuse (21%). Younger males (18-29 years) reported higher incidences of SGBV compared to older age groups. Cultural norms significantly impacted the reporting and perception of SGBV, with societal stigma and the pressure to conform to traditional masculine roles discouraging many victims from seeking help. The dominant notions of masculinity, which emphasize strength, control, and heterosexuality, further compounded the issue, as male survivors often faced additional psychological trauma and societal emasculation. The study concluded that addressing SGBV among male refugees requires a multisectoral approach that includes cultural sensitivity, awareness programs, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of male survivors. Recommendations include enhancing the capacity of service providers to recognize and address SGBV against men, promoting community sensitization to reduce stigma, and implementing policies that protect and support male survivors of SGBV.
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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CULTURAL FACTORS, SEXUAL AND GENDER VIOLENCE AMONG CONGOLESE MALE REFUGEES IN KAKUMA CAMP, TURKANA WEST COUNTY, KENYA
    (EGERTON UNIVERSITY, 2025-09) MANYANYA, MARGARET
    Sexual violence is a significant public health and human rights issue worldwide. Refugees and asylum seekers affected by armed conflict are particularly vulnerable. In Kenya, the extent of sexual violence in humanitarian settings remains underexplored. Although many organizations address gender-based violence, little is known about male refugees who are victims of sexual violence. The study established the relationship between social cultural factors, sexual and genderbased violence among Congolese’s male refugees. It also established, the different types of SGBV, cultural norms and values, dominant notions of masculinity, gender identities and their relationship to SGBV among Congolese male refugees. The study adopted trauma theory and employed the mixed cross-sectional survey research design, employing both quantitative and qualitative. The target population 17,848 registered Congolese male refugees, in Turkana West-sub- County. A sample size of 382 male refugees and 6 key informants were selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and key informant interviews. A total of 382 male refugees and 6 key informants were interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and standard deviations, with the assistance of SPSS version 28. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and coded thematically. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes related to the research questions, and verbatim quotes were used to amplify the voices of the informants. Findings revealed that Congolese male refugees in Kakuma experience various forms of SGBV, including physical abuse (46%), sexual abuse (33%), and psychological abuse (21%). Younger males (18-29 years) reported higher incidences of SGBV compared to older age groups. Cultural norms significantly impacted the reporting and perception of SGBV, with societal stigma and the pressure to conform to traditional masculine roles discouraging many victims from seeking help. The dominant notions of masculinity, which emphasize strength, control, and heterosexuality, further compounded the issue, as male survivors often faced additional psychological trauma and societal emasculation. The study concluded that addressing SGBV among male refugees requires a multisectoral approach that includes cultural sensitivity, awareness programs, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of male survivors. Recommendations include enhancing the capacity of service providers to recognize and address SGBV against men, promoting community sensitization to reduce stigma, and implementing policies that protect and support male survivors of SGBV