Faculty of Education and Community Development Studies

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    A biography of "Field Marshal" Muthoni Kirima of the Mau Mau Movement, 1930-2015
    (Egerton University, 2016-10) Kiragu, Patrick Kinyua
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    A study of the impact of HIV/AIDs on affected families in Nakuru Municipality-Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2005-01) Mbugua, Charles Gitau
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    Adequacy and quality of teaching and learning resources in public primary schools in Ndaragwa Division, Nyandarua County, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2015-10) Muthima, Ndirangu Wahome
    The Free Primary Education (FPE) programme was commissioned in January 2003 to provide basic education to all Kenyan children of school going age and to ease the burden of cost sharing from the parents. The public primary school class teachers were to shoulder the greatest responsibility in the implementation of this programme but the assessment of the success of this programme has not involved the class teachers who are the main stakeholders. The study therefore aimed at assessing the adequacy and quality of FPE based on the perceptions of the class and head teachers in public primary schools in Ndaragwa Division, Nyandarua County. The assessment of the programme was based on four aspects of the programme which included: the provision of teaching / learning materials, provision of physical facilities, provision of teachers, and the roles played by the School Management Committees. A survey was conducted to collect information from 130 class teachers and 23 head teachers who were purposively selected from 23 schools. A structured questionnaire consisting of 38-items was used to gauge the perceptions of the respondents on each item on a five point Likert scale (1=Very Inadequate to indicate lack of enough materials, 2=Inadequate, 3=moderately adequate, 4=Adequate and 5=Very Adequate, to indicate satisfactory levels of the materials). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for objective one to four (means and frequency distributions) and inferential statistics for objective five (t-test). This was done with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 21). The results of the study revealed that there existed a variation in the adequacy and quality of the items provided by the FPE programme in Ndaragwa division. The quality of teaching and learning materials, physical facilities, and management committees was found to be Moderately Adequate, while that of the teachers was found to be Adequate. The adequacy of the teaching and learning materials, physical facilities, and management committees was found to beModerately Adequate, while that of the teachers was found to be Adequate. Significant differences (p≤ 05) were found between the class teachers and head teachers’ assessment of the adequacy of the learning and teaching resources, while no significant differences (p≥.05) were found in quality. Implementing the recommendations of this research could assist push the country closer to achieving Universal Education For All (UFA) by 2015 which is one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
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    Agriculture in Secondary Schools in Mukaa Sub-County of Makueni County, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2021-05) NZOMO, ESTHER MUMBI
    This study determined students’ attitude towards selected agriculture teaching methods; cooperative, demonstration, field trips and lecture in secondary schools in Mukaa Sub-county of Makueni County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: To determine; students’ attitude towards use of cooperative method of teaching agriculture, students’ attitude towards the use of demonstration method of teaching agriculture, students’ attitude towards use of field trip method of teaching agriculture, students’ attitude towards the use of lecture method of teaching agriculture and the difference in the attitude of students towards the various teaching methods in agriculture between Sub-county, County and extra County secondary schools in Mukaa Sub-county. This study was informed by the theory of reasoned action. descriptive research design was adopted.four wards in ukaa Sub Countyere selected by use of purposive random sampling. The target population of the study consisted of 12,963 all agriculture students in secondary schools in Mukaa Sub County. A sample size of 120 respondents was randomly selected from accessible population of 1,773 Form Three students in the four wards in Mukaa Sub-county. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using semi structured questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results were presented using frequencies, means, percentages, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA. The study results established that the attitude of students towards the four selected methods, cooperative, demonstration, field trips and lecture was positive, and was the same for male and female students across subcounty, county and extra county schools. The most commonly used method of teaching agriculture was established to be lecture method, followed by demonstration, although with a large difference between the two. The third commonly used was the cooperative method and the last was field trips. The most preferred method of teaching by agriculture students was established to be field trips and the least preferred was demonstration method. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education (MoE) through the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) should formulate policies that will enable teachers to use student centered methods in teaching of agriculture. It also recommends agriculture teachers to combine various methods of teaching agriculture as the situation demands, to make teaching and learning more effective.
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    Agriculture Teachers’ Perceptions on the Inclusion of Indigenous Technical Knowledge in Secondary School Agriculture Curriculum, In Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2024-09) Samoei, Monica Chepngetich
    Indigenous knowledge had existed for centuries in Africa before the introduction of formal schooling by missionaries and British colonial. Unlike indigenous knowledge, formal education was not part of peoples‘ economic life and did not serve the African community. The current curriculum of 8-4-4 as well as the restructured curriculum of 2-6-3-3 has embraced less of indigenous technical knowledge yet this knowledge can be crucial in agricultural sector. This study generated information on teachers‘ perceptions on the inclusion of indigenous technical knowledge in crop and livestock production. The study employed Cross-sectional survey research design. It was carried out in Njoro sub-county, Nakuru County. The target population comprised of 90 agriculture teachers in Njoro sub-county. A questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to ascertain the content, construct and face validity, the instrument was subjected to scrutiny by peers, supervisors and other members of Egerton University in the department of agricultural education and extension. The instrument was pilot tested in Rongai sub-county with 30 agriculture teachers. The reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.785 which is above the 0.7 threshold hence it was considered acceptable. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study indicate that more than 50% of the agriculture teachers were aware of the different indigenous practices that are carried out in both crop and livestock production, the findings also reveals that more than 50% of the teachers agreed that ITK is: cheap, reliable, enriches students with a wide range of knowledge, friendly and easy to use. 82% of the teachers were of the perception that ITK should be included in secondary school agriculture curriculum because of its value, 18% were of the perception that agriculture curriculum was already bulky and that indigenous technical knowledge is outdated hence it should not be included in the curriculum. The results of the study reveal that most of the teachers were positive about taking ITK into consideration while teaching agriculture. Basing on the value of indigenous technical knowledge, the researcher suggests to curriculum developers to research on ideas and practices related to indigenous technical knowledge that could be beneficial to learners, develop them and incorporate them in the learning and teaching process.
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    Analysis of quality control in the informal seed sector. Case of smallholder bean farmers in Bondo Sub-county, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2016-11) Ouko, Wilfred Odhiambo
    The contribution of common bean to nutrition and income has not been fully felt by smallholder farmers in western Kenya due to low yields. Good quality seed, if used with complementary practices can increase bean productivity. This study was conducted in Bondo sub-County to determine the methods used by farmers in seed quality control; factors affecting the choice preferences for informal bean seed sources; the structure and contribution of social networks in seed quality control. Primary data were collected from 100 respondents through scheduled interviews using structured questionnaires. STATA and UCINET computer packages were used to run data. A multinomial logit model was used to analyse the effects of socio-economic characteristics on the choice of seed sources. The nature of social networks was determined using measures of centrality and brokerage and visualized through network graphs. The results showed that smallholder bean farming was male dominated (57%) with average of 1.19 ha landholding and 0.34 ha under beans. Majority (90%) of farmers assessed quality characteristics while sourcing seed, with 46% considering seed free from insect attack as being of good quality. Majority (84%) of farmers never treated seed at planting, but practiced weeding (84%), timely harvesting (87%), cleaning (90%) and proper storage (92%) for quality control. The study revealed that farmer-to-farmer social networks exhibited the highest degree (48), betweenness (2690) and lowest closeness (169) centrality measures. Majority (97%) of farmers relied on informal sources for seed. The preferences for the informal seed sources are influenced by age, family size, area under beans, distance to nearest seed source, nature of land ownership, occupation and group membership; all of which were statistically significant at 0.05 levels. Therefore, the study suggests policy interventions to design locally-based bean seed system which utilizes farmer-to-farmer social networks to enhance supply of quality seed to smallholder farmers. Preference for certain bean varieties should be used for strategic varietal development. Finally, youth groups should be used as springboards for seed related interventions.
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    Analysis of use of non-projected media resources in the teaching of geography in public secondary schools in Koibatek District, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2010-10) Kiptum, Charles Kibet
    Geography is one of subjects that can be studied as a physical or social science at high schools Level.In secondary education it is currently an optional subject at upper secondary education. There have been concerns over declining performance in geography at national examination, especially areas that test students’ knowledge of field work, map work and physical geography. Coincidentally these are the areas where non-projected media resources are most used. Yet few Studies done in geography have not adequately examined the non-projected media resources despite their critical role in the teaching of geography. One of the reasons that have been put forward by KNEC (2007) is that students perform poorly in Paper I because of inadequate use of non-projected media resources. This study sought to determine the availability, adequacy and constraints in use of non-projected media resources in teaching of geography in public Secondary schools in Koibatek District. A sample of 70 geography teachers, 35 head teachers and 314 students were sampled using purposive and stratified random sampling. Data Collection was done by use of questionnaires, observation and content analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The results were then presented in pie charts, graphs and tables. The study established that most schools had non-projected resources, though in a limited supply and were rarely used. However, some schools lacked some important resources such as geography rooms, facilities for field work, weather station and library services .Constraints manating from heavy work load, heavy curriculum and inept administration were found to undermine to effective use of these resources in teaching geography. The study has recommended for an urgent review of curriculum and increased supervision to ensure that the curriculum is fully implemented, and refresher courses be given to teachers on the use of resources
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    Assessment of factors affecting Isiolo County community wildlife conservancy with reference to ecotourism development in Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2017-05) Ade, Abduba Dida
    This study focused on the assessment of factors affecting Isiolo county community wildlife conservancy with reference to ecotourism development in Kenya. Community based wildlife conservancy has become a popular approach especially in Africa since it has been found to be effective in conservation of wildlife outside protected areas and ecotourism developments. However community based wildlife conservation approach faces a number of challenges undermining its achievement of ecotourism goals. Thus, the study established factors constraining community wildlife conservancy in achieving ecotourism. The objectives of the study were to establish community based factors affecting community wildlife conservancy in achieving ecotourism. To examine socio-ecological factors hindering development of ecotourism by community wildlife conservancy and to establish remedies to the challenges to eco-tourism development in Merti Sub-County. The study was guided by two theories; Structural functionalism Theory and political ecology Theory. Descriptive survey design was used; interview schedules and Focus Group Discussion were used to collect data from respondents. The study usedstratified samplingto arrive at a sample of 120 households who were permanent resident of Merti, Cherrab and Kom Divisions of Merti Sub-County and purposive sampling of eight key informants, five men and three women who took part in FGD. Field data was analyzed using SPSS and Excel, analyzed data was presented using frequency table, pie charts, bar graphs and percentages.Pilot study was conducted at Archer’s post, Samburu County of Kenya to establish suitability and clarity of the research instruments. Findings of this study indicated that majority of the respondents 92.5% believed that ecotourism development by community wildlife conservancy is ineffective because of effects of community based, socio-ecological and technical factors which requires an urgent remedies. Key community based factors identified are low level of education, high level of poverty, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure development and human wildlife conflict. Socio-ecological factors are habitat destruction, poaching, disease transmission, and compensation procedures. The study recommends inclusion of wildlife conservation and ecotourism study in primary and secondary school curriculum and formation of a body that shall oversee community wildlife conservation initiative and its welfare. This study concludes that factors affecting Isiolo county community wildlife conservancy with reference to ecotourism development are majorly limited to the community actions and hence this study recommends initiation of community capacity building forums and active management participation
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    Attitudes of learners with disabilities and their parents towards education in Nakuru district
    (Egerton University, 2006-05) Mokeira, Mary Adogo
    Learners with disabilities face numerous social, psychological and physical challenges in accessing educational opportunities and developing their full potentials in order to attain better academic achievements. One of the major challenges has been the attitude of these children towards their own education. This study seeks to evaluate the attitude of the learners with disabilities and their parents towards education in Nakuru district, Kenya. This study will adopt an ex post facto research design. The target population for this study will include all 524 learners with disabilities, their parents and the head teachers in the 27 learning institutions/schools for learners with disabilities. A sample of 303 respondents which includes 222 learners, 27 head teachers and 54 parents will be used in this study. Primary data will be collected through administration of three sets of structured questionnaires, including learners, parents and head teacher, with the selected respondents. Secondary data will also be collected from documented information to supplement primary data. Data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of a computer programme: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study will hopefully help in providing information that can be useful in changing the attitudes of parents and their learners with disabilities, and facilitating access to education by those concerned including the Ministry of Education, administrators of the special institutions, learners, parents and the entire society.
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    Audit risk assessment and detection of misstatement in annual reports for audit firms registered by rab in Nairobi County, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2014-10) Okeyo, Linda Awino
    Audit risk examines the relevant assertions related to balances, classes of transactions, or disclosures contained in misstatements that could be material to the financial statements when aggregated with misstatements in other balances, classes, or disclosures and the risk that the auditor will not detect such misstatements. With the collapse of Enron involving the misstatement of one of the Big 4, Arthur Andersen & Co. in the US and the CMC and Uchumi scandals in Kenya involving the big audit firms Delloitte and PwC, the argument for audits for big audit firms as synonymous with detection of misstatement has become questionable. Despite several studies having been done on overall misstatement risk none of them has addressed pervasive audit risk. The general objective of the study was to examine audit risk assessment and detection of misstatement in annual reports in audit firms registered by RAB in Nairobi County. The study evaluated four audit risk assessment i.e. inherent risk, control risk, engagement risk and detection risk against detection of misstatement. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted all the registered audit firms by RAB in Nairobi county.the study employed systematic random sampling and had a sample of 254 firms. Data was collected from primary sources which involved a well structured questionnaire with an average reliability of 0.86. The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and a regression model so as to establish whether the application of audit risk models statistically and significantly affects the detection of misstatement in financial statements. t-statistic was used to determine the significance level wherby the null hypothesis was rejected if it’s less then 0.05. A total of 254 questionnaires were administered and 155 were satisfactorily filled and considered for analysis, this formed 78%. The results revealed that the application of audit risk models statistically and significantly affects the detection of misstatement in financial statements. All the four risks tested had a t-test of less than 0.05, thus all the four null hypotheses were rejected. Hence the study concludes that audit risk model reduces the level of fraudulent financial reporting through detection of misstatement in audit practice and relevant recommendations were provided that would enhance the application of audit risk assessment in the audit of financial statement.
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    Available Interventions for Psychosocial Challenges of Dyslexic and Gifted Children in Regular Public Primary Schools of Mwatate Subcounty, Taita Taveta County, Kenya
    (Egerton University, 2021-10) Mwangasha, Matilda Wawuda
    Children with dyslexia and those who are gifted normally enroll in regular public primary schools. This is due to the fact that there are hardly any specialized schools for them. However, these children have deep psychosocial challenges that threaten their learning. In addition, their learning needs are not as obvious as those of children with physical handicaps. Due to this fact, they are subjected to regular classroom learning methods which only serve to aggravate their psychosocial challenges. The purpose of this study was to assess the available interventions for psychosocial challenges of dyslexic and gifted children in regular public primary schools of Mwatate Sub County, Taita Taveta County, Kenya.The study employed descriptive survey research design. The study population totaled to 552 teachers. These included 59 head teachers, and 493 teachers of all regular public primary schools of Mwatate Sub-County. Purposive and stratified random sampling methods were used to obtain a sample of 189 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments was determined by subjecting them to the scrutiny of the researcher’s supervisors and other experts from the department of Psychology, Counseling and Educational Foundations of Egerton University. In order to establish reliability, the research instruments were pilot tested in two primary schools that had close similarity to the schools in the study population. The following reliability indices were obtained: a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.76 for the Questionnaire for Regular Teachers (QRT); 0.74 for the Questionnaire for Head teachers (QHT); 0.76 for the Questionnaire for Special Education Teachers (QSET) and 0.84 for the Questionnaire for Teacher Counselors (QTC). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages and inferential statistics, specifically the ANOVA. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for windows was used in data analysis. The research findings were presented in form of tables. The study revealed that the psychosocial challenges of these children were largely neglected within regular public primary schools of Mwatate Sub-County. Workshops, seminars and in-service courses were recommended to create awareness of dyslexia and giftedness among regular public primary school teachers. In addition, it was recommended that the curriculum for teaching courses should be revised so as to include detailed content on special needs in education and inclusive education.