Faculty of Education and Community Development Studies

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://172.16.31.117:4000/handle/123456789/66

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 330

Effects of concept mapping teaching approach on secondary school students’ achievement and motivation to learn biology in Kitui County, Kenya
(Egerton University, 2025) Mwambua,Benedict M.
Science subjects are essential tools for any count1y’s industrial and technological growth. Biology is an essential discipline in the secondary school science curriculum in Kenya. However, students’ performance in Biology in Kenyan secondary schools is inferior. This poor performance may be partly attributed to the continued use of teacher-centred instructional approaches by Biology teachers, as well as to students’ low motivation. This study assessed how the Concept Mapping Teaching Approach (CMTA) inﬂuenced form four students’ achievement and motivation in Biology in selected Kitui County secondary schools. A quasi-experimental research design, employing the Solomon Four-Group model with non-equivalent groups, was used. The target population consisted of all secondary school Biology students in Kitui County. The accessible population consisted of all form four Biology students in co-educational sub- county secondary schools. Purposive sampling was used to select four co-educational secondary schools in Kitui County. The total sample consisted of 173 students, comprising 82 boys and 91 girls. Two schools were randomly designated as experimental groups and taught using the (CMTA), while the other two acted as control groups and received instruction through Conventional Teaching Methods (CTM). The study was guided by four research objectives and four null hypotheses. Data collection tools included the Students’ Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ) and the Biology Achievement Test (BAT), which were validated by two experienced secondary school Biology teachers and ﬁve science education experts. The instruments were piloted, and their reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding coefﬁcients of 0.81 for the SMQ and 0.78 for the BAT. Data analysis involved calculating means, standard deviations, one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and t-tests. All hypotheses were tested at an alpha level of 0.05.The study results showed that, students exposed to CMTA exhibited signiﬁcant improvements in Biology achievement and motivation compared to those taught with conventional methods. It is recommended that CMTA be integrated into Biology and other science subjects to enhance students’ achievement and motivation. These ﬁndings may beneﬁt national curriculum developers and Biology teachers by identifying effective teaching approaches that improve instructional quality and, consequently, enhance students’ achievement.»
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KCSE BIOLOGY PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT APPROACH IN TESTING SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SIAYA COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2017-04) OUKO, FRANCIS O.
Assessment is an important aspect of teaching - learning process in secondary schools. The Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) biology practical assessment approach introduced in the year 2005 is one in which out of the three questions tested, only one question, mostly food tests involve handling apparatus and specimens by the candidates. In the other two questions, the candidates observe photographs and photomicrographs presented and then answer questions. The approach was adopted with an aim of reducing the problems of cheating in biology practical examinations. However, its effectiveness in the assessment of Science Process Skills had not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to establish the perceptions of teachers’ on the effectiveness of the assessment approach in testing science process skills. Descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The target population comprised all trained secondary school biology teachers in Siaya. Accessible population were a total of 108 secondary school biology teachers in Siaya County. Proportionate stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used to select the subjects of the study. Proportional stratified sampling was used to ensure the study sample were derived from all the six sub-counties that constitute Siaya County, while simple random sampling was used to obtain study sample from each sub-county. A total of 90 teachers formed the study sample. Biology Practical Teachers’ Questionnaire (BPTQ) was used to generate data from the respondents. Five research experts from the Faculty of Education and Community Studies, Egerton University, validated the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Pilot-testing was conducted in the neighbouring Kisumu sub-county, Kisumu County. Reliability coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.85. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics which were frequencies, means and percentages. The findings of this study indicated that, from teachers’ perceptions, the assessment of science process skills is ineffective in the KCSE Biology Practical Assessment Approach. It was concluded that in the perceptions of teachers, the KCSE Biology Practical Assessment Approach has not contributed much to the testing of science process skills in Biology practical Examinations. It was therefore recommended that a lot of hands-on activities, manipulation of specimens and handling of apparatus be reinforced in the testing of biology practical skills. The findings of this study are important in improving the testing of Biology practical paper by KNEC and teaching laboratory lessons by Biology teachers
TEACHERS’ AND PRINCIPALS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCHOOL INSPECTION IN SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA’S NYANDARUA DISTRICT
(Egerton University, 2007-10) WANJOHI, SIMON MWANGI.
Great emphasis has been placed on the quality of education in Kenya. The procedure used in quality assurance has been a subject of debate among educationists. Over the years, teachers and principals held negative attitudes towards the approach used in school inspection. They complained that the approach lacked clear objectives and was fault finding rather than trying to identify and improve standards. However, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology published a handbook for inspection in the year 2000, which spelt out the uniform approach to inspection of schools. This study aimed at determining the attitudes of public secondary school teachers towards inspection of schools since the new approach was introduced. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. Principals and teachers from public secondary schools in Nyandarua District formed the population of the study. A sample of 12 schools was purposively selected out of 34 schools that had been inspected at least once between the year 2000 and 2004. All teachers and principals from selected schools were respondents, forming a sample size of 204. Teachers‟ and Principals‟ Attitudes towards School Inspection Questionnaire (TPASIQ) was used to determine the attitudes of teachers and principals towards school inspection by experience, designation, type of inspection approach and professional qualification. Principals‟ Attitudes towards Inspection on School Management (PAISM) was used to determine principals‟ attitudes towards inspection on school management by size of the schools they headed. A panel of experts in education from Egerton University was used to establish validity of the instrument. The instrument had an α reliability coefficient of 0.795. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis from TPASIQ and PAISM. A one way ANOVA, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at α = 0.05. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between type of inspection approach and attitudes of teachers and principals towards inspection. The reseacher concluded that the old approach to school inspection is still in use despite the Ministry‟s new initiative. It is recommended that inspectors require further training and sensitization on the current approach to inspection.
SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CAUSES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRLS PREGNANCIES: IMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLING IN POKOT SOUTH SUB COUNTY OF WEST POKOT COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2018-08) WARAGA, NJERI THERESIA
Pregnancies among secondary school girls are on the rise globally and in Kenya. As a social problem, it has adverse effects on the girls‟ academic performance, and career development as it results in girls dropping out of school and some are forced to early marriages. Despite efforts to prevent girls dropping out of school due to pregnancies, there is still evidence of high prevalence of pregnancy among girls in secondary school. This study therefore sought to establish social, cultural and economic causes of secondary school girls‟ pregnancies: Implication for counseling in Pokot South Sub County of West Pokot County, Kenya. The researcher adopted ex-post-facto survey research design. There were 18 public Secondary Schools in Pokot South-Sub County which had target population of 2436, constituted 18 head teachers, 18 head teacher counselors and 2400 students. Six girls‟ schools were purposefully chosen with population of 462 forms twos and threes who were enrolled by March 2017. A sample size of 210 students, in addition of 6 head teachers and 6 head teacher counselors to a total of 222 who participated in the study. A similar questionnaire for all respondents and oral interview schedule for teacher counselors and head teachers was used to generate the data. Reliability value obtained was 0.82. The content validity of the instrument was ascertained with the assistance of the supervisor and experts from the Department of Psychology, Counseling and Educational Foundations of Egerton University. Data collected was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program and presented in tables of frequencies and percentages. The study established, Social causes of pregnancy in the area of study as peer influence, media influence, neglect by parents, dating early and low self-esteem. Cultural causes as silence behaviour, it is taboo to talk about sex and sexuality matters, polygamous families and preserving tradition. Economic causes as poverty, unemployment, girls living high lives, for their parents to meet, bride wealth and infrastructure as among the factors predisposing Secondary School girls to pregnancy. The study recommends that the government, the Ministry of Education, School administrator, teacher counselors, parents and the entire community to have collective responsibility and realistic policies to address the surge of adolescents pregnancies. This implies that a combination of strategies with stakeholder involvement is needed to come up with a comprehensive solution to these early pregnancies.
SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF OIL EXPLORATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SOUTH LOKICHAR BASIN, TURKANA COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2019-10) KAMAIS, EKWOM COSMAS
This study attempted to explore the security implications of oil exploration on the socio-economic activities in south Lokichar basin, Turkana County, Kenya. Motivation for the study was drawn from manifest disputes between the county government and the national government on the exploration, extraction, production sharing of Oil benefits. This study was based on the Resource curse theory and Environmental justice theory. The research objectives were; to analyse the security implications of oil exploration on social activities; to evaluate the security implications of oil exploration on economic activities and; to examine emerging security management issues due to oil exploration. Cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. A sample of 382 respondents was drawn from a population was 8,493 adult residents of south Lokichar basin, Turkana County. A total of 32 key informants were drawn from the expatriate employees of Tullow PLC, administrators and community elders for Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Indigenous respondents were sampled using cluster area sampling, while the key informants/FGD participants were purposively sampled. Primary data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule and FGD sessions; while secondary data was collected through thematic review of relevant literature. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis of excerpts; while quantitative data analysed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and presented through descriptive frequencies, charts and tables. The study found that oil exploration had both positive and negative implications on the socio-economic activities of Lokichar community. The negative implications were mostly security in nature and arose from poor management of the community‟s expectations as regards expected benefits for oil exploration activities. The lack of proper management of the high expectations led to adversarial relations between the Lokichar community and the oil exploration company resulting in facility takeovers and disruptions in exploration operations. Besides, influx of people from outside Lokichar for oil related engagements led to a rise in crime; further adding to security burden. The study concluded that oil exploration has affected the socio-economic lives of the Lokichar residents and if not well managed, will lead to more confrontations adding to insecurity in the region. The study recommended that measures to manage expectations need to be undertaken by stakeholders. These include; increased community participation to encourage transparency, civil societies involvement to expose abuses, inclusive policy reviews on security, natural resource management and revenue sharing, exploration of alternative energy sources, institution of development and poverty eradication measures, and employment of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in dealing with disputes arising from oil exploration
ROLE OF INDIGENOUS EDUCATION IN MITIGATION OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: A CASE OF THE ABAGUSII COMMUNITY OF SOUTH-GUCHA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA, 1905 - 1940
(Egerton University, 2015-01) OINO, ARORI JARED
Youth unemployment is a world-wide concern that is experienced in both developed and developing countries. In Kenya for example, 24% of youth aged between 18-35 years are unemployed. This is one of the reasons why today’s youth engage in certain vices or crimes and other unethical activities that were not experienced in the African traditional societies. In these societies, the issue of unemployment was rare and consequently, the rate of crimes was minimal. Several factors contributed to the low levels of unemployment and crime rates and African indigenous education. However, the Abagusii community, which is not only one of the most densely populated communities in Kenya but also one of the communities with high unemployment rates in the country, has gradually been abandoning its indigenous education. This is despite the fact that the indigenous education prepared youth for future roles. This study was aimed at critically examining the role of indigenous education in mitigation of youth unemployment among the Abagusii community of South-Gucha Sub-county from 1905-1940. In particular, the study sought to examine the values, attitudes, skills (content), methods of teaching and training as well as validation modes that underpinned the Abagusii indigenous education and the role indigenous education played in mitigation of youth unemployment. The study was informed by structural-functionalism theory. This theory enriched the study through the various structures that indigenous had and how each functioned in mitigation of youth unemployment. An ethno-historical research approach was employed with greater emphasis on with emic and etic research designs. To attain systematic collection of data, a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used. The targeted population was 2.2 million people where accessible population was 3000 people aged 70 years and above. The actual research sample was 35 informants. This study used interview schedules and some archival sources to collect primary data. To supplement the primary data, secondary data was obtained from published books, unpublished articles, government reports and records, internet sources, journals and periodicals. The validity and reliability of the instruments was determined through member checks, triangulation, external and internal criticism approaches. Data collected through oral interviews was transcribed and then translated to English language after which was coded, analysed and then interpreted. The results of the study revealed that there was a clear link between the Abagusii indigenous education and youth unemployment. It was revealed in the discussion that traditional Abagusii people highly valued their indigenous education as it played a major role in mitigation of youth unemployment through its values, attitudes and skills. Furthermore, the results of this study emphasized that indigenous education was the only channel through which youths attained values, skills and attitudes through myriad methods of instruction and validation modes that were applied. Hence indigenous education had a great impact on collective behaviour on youth so as to mitigate unemployment. The study recommends the integration and harmonization of best indigenous education elements within the modern system so as to make it more viable to curb youth unemployment in Kenya. More specifically emphasis should be to develop a concrete and all inclusive as well as an acceptable curriculum
REHABILITATION AND INTEGRATION OF ABUSED CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE REHABILITATION INSTITUTIONS IN NAKURU DISTRICT, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2006-08) MBUGUA, WANGARI JACINTA
The increasing number of child abuse cases in Kenya does not only affect the future socio-economic development and well being of the country, but also its security and safety. In Nakuru district, identified abused children are taken to rehabilitation institutions for care, protection and later integration back into the society. However, little documented information exists on the actual rehabilitation process in these institutions and later integration of the children back into the society. This study sought to evaluate the rehabilitation and integration of abused children in public and private rehabilitation institutions in Nakuru district, Kenya. This study adopted an ex post facto research design. The target population included all the abused children, managers and caretakers in the three rehabilitation institutions, and government officials from the children’s department, probation and municipal welfare office in Nakuru district. A sample of 149 children, 6 managers, 9 caretakers, and 3 government officers was selected and included in this study. Primary data was collected through administration of two sets of questionnaires (children, managers and caretakers) to the selected respondents and an interview schedule with the government officials (children’s department, probation and municipal welfare officer). Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of a computer programme - Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5 for windows. Data presented in this study supported the following findings: the main causes of all forms of child abuse in the study area stem from the family and the society; the services offered in the rehabilitation institutions are adequate enough to rehabilitate and later integrate the child into the society; public and private rehabilitation institutions have different criteria of admitting children even though all of them are supervised and regulated by the government; rehabilitated children are adequately prepared for integration back into the society; and both the rehabilitation institutions and the government agency responsible for handling child abuse cases face challenges in undertaking their responsibilities. Based on these study findings, three key recommendations were made: there is need for the society and families to re-evaluate the plight of children in the society in order to stem child abuse; there is need for the government to develop uniform criteria for admission of children into private and public rehabilitation institutions so as to treat abused children equally; and there is need for the society to be more involved in the integration process of the rehabilitated children so as to ensure swift and efficient acceptance
RECRUITS’ AND OFFICERS’ PERCEPTION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROGRAMME IN THE PARAMILITARY ESTABLISHMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE TRAINING COLLEGE, GILGIL
(Egerton University, 2009-07) MUKADI,BARASA ENOS
Since 1970s, there has been a tremendous growth of counselling services in Kenya. The National Youth Service (NYS) is a department in the Office of the Vice President and Ministry of Youth Affairs. The Basic Paramilitary Training Programme exposes recruits to psychosocial problems hence need for counselling services. Recruits‟, servicemen/women‟s and officers‟ perception of the effectiveness of guidance and counselling programme determines it‟s implementation and success in NYS. If they have a positive perception on the effectiveness of guidance and counselling programme, they would play a significant role in ensuring that recruits benefit from the services. The purpose of this study was to determine the recruits‟ and officers‟ perception on the effectiveness of guidance and counselling programme in the paramilitary establishment. This was a case study of National Youth Service, Gilgil Training College. The study used the ex post facto research design. The target population was all NYS officers, servicemen and women and recruits. The college had a population of 242 Paramilitary training officers, 10 vocational school principals, 10 officer counsellors, 856 servicemen and women and 2473 recruits. A sample of 24 paramilitary training officers, 2 vocational school principals, 2 officer counsellors, 86 service men and women, and 252 recruits were selected through stratified and simple random sampling procedures. The required data were collected through questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to the respondents after being pilot tested for validity and reliability. Pilot study was done at the NYS Naivasha field unit. The following reliability indices were obtained; 0.70 for Servicemen/Women Questionnaire, 0.71 for Vocational School Principals‟ Questionnaire, 0.73 for Officer Counsellors‟ Questionnaire, 0.83 for Paramilitary Officers‟ Questionnaire and 0.90 for Recruits‟ questionnaire. The questionnaires were also subjected to scrutiny by the researcher and supervisors to establish their validity. Descriptive statistics included percentages, means and frequencies which were used to analyse the data on recruits‟ and officers‟ perception of the guidance and counselling programme. Inferential statistics included t-test and Pearson coefficient test used to test the hypotheses of the study. The posited hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The computer based Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 11.5 was used to analyse the data collected. The findings of the study revealed that the guidance and counselling programme was perceived positively by all NYS stakeholders. The study thus recommended that there was need to offer more appropriate training to officer counsellors and provide the necessary adequate resources for effective service delivery.
INFLUENCE OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN MICROFINANCE ON DAIRY FARMING IN LONGISA SUB-COUNTY, BOMET COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2016-10) Kenduiwa, Angela A.
The livestock sector is an important component of the Kenyan economy and contributes about 40% of the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is about 10% of the national GDP. Dairy farming sub-sector plays a very significant role in the development of the Kenyan economy due to its impact on the GDP, alleviation of poverty, food security, employment creation and provision of raw materials to milk processors. Over 70% of the dairy farmers in Kenya are smallholders. Lack of credit services has been known to constrain agricultural development among the smallholder farmers in developing countries. Microfinance aims at providing the needed credit services to smallholder farmers. Smallholder farmers in Longisa sub-county, Bomet County have accessed microfinance services since the 1990s. However, the dairy production has been far below the expected potential in the area. The study used a cross sectional survey research design because it allows researchers to collect data from a large sample and to use it in intensive analysis. The smallholder dairy cattle farmers constituted the respondents of the study. A proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to ensure each location was represented. Simple random sampling was used to select 152 respondents for study. The questionnaire used to collect data was developed by the researcher and validated by experts in applied community development. The research instruments were pilot tested to determine the reliability of the instrument in Bomet Central sub-county which neighbours Longisa sub-county. Stratified random sampling was used to select the pretest sample size of 30 smallholder dairy farmers. Using Cronbach's alpha, an index of 0.92 for the questionnaire was established. This implied that the reliability of the instrument was good. Descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics technique were used to analyse data with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Simple linear regression was used to determine the influence of the amount of credit accessed on the amount of milk produced. Ordered logistic regression was used to determine the influence of the amount of credit accessed on the breeds kept and animal husbandry while simple linear regression and ordered logistic were used to determine the influence of the amount of credit accessed on the training received by smallholder dairy farmers. To make reliable inferences from the data, all statistical tests were verified at α = 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the amount of microfinance credit accessed by smallholder in dairy farming have a significant and positive influence on the amount of milk produced per cow per lactation, the breeds of cattle kept as well as animal husbandry practices in the study area. This study recommends that smallholder dairy farmers should embrace microfinance credit in financing their dairy farming for them to realize higher milk yields. Farmers should also take advantage of the available and upcoming microfinance institutions in their effort to obtain the necessary finances for breed improvement and animal husbandry practice
INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SCHOOL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON DROP OUT RATES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN EMGWEN DIVISION, NANDI COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2016-10) BUNGEY,KIMAIYO JAMES
Students are important in any education system. Despite the efforts that have been made by the national and county governments to improve literacy and retention of learners in schools .student dropout rates is still a great challenge. The study therefore sought to establish the influence of leadership style on dropout rates in Emgwen Division, Nandi County. The objectives of the study were to estimate the independent and dependent variables influencing students drop out rates. The study was predicated on the assumptions that the school management practices influence dropout rates and the respondents would give honest responses which are a true reflection of the situation in the study area. The study was guided by Social Systems Theory which postulates that the interaction of any interrelated and interdependent parts affect the whole system. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research method (mixed methodology).The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The targeted population comprised of 45 Head teachers and 353 teachers. A sample of 106 teachers and 14 head teachers formed the respondents of the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the Headteachers. A questionnaire and interview schedule was used to obtain data from teachers and head teachers. The validity of instruments was achieved by ensuring that they are based on stated objectives and critical review by the supervisors and examiners in department of examinations. Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the reliability. Research permit was sought from National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation and also the introduction letters from the County Education Officer and the County Commissioner to carry out the study .Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. The study established 68.8% of the respondents agreed that the head teachers adopted the democratic leadership style and about 50% of them indicated that Head teachers demonstrated exemplary leadership characteristics. In addition, 52.7% of the respondents noted that students were never rewarded when they perform well. In conclusion the study findings revealed that school management practices specifically leadership styles, leadership characteristics and motivation approaches have influence students‘ dropout rates in schools. The study recommends the enhancing of capacity building for head teachers and teachers and establishing the means of ensuring motivation of students and teachers is done regularly. The implementation of the stakeholders will enhance retention and thus minimizing students drop out rates in schools
INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON PUPILS' ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION IN MASBMBA DIVISION, KISII COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2012-09) OMAE,SIOCHA NELSON
One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of education is to ensure that by the year 2015, children everywhere that is boys and girls alike, will be able to complete their primary education. However, with an estimated net primary school enrollment rate (NER) of 92.5%, completion rate of 79.5% and drop-out rate of 3.5%, Kenya has not yet achieved full access to Universal Primary Education (UPE) for school going-age children. This study sought to establish the influence of pupils' parental economic background, pupils' community culture and pupils' parental level of education on access to Primary Education (PE) in Masimba Division, Masaba South District Kisii County of Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The target population was 405 teachers and 16059 pupils in all public primary schools in Masimba Division. Stratified random sampling was used to select the subjects for the study who comprised of 150 teachers and 361 pupils from 36 selected public primary schools. Two instruments namely; Teacher's Questionnaire (TQ) and pupil's Questionnaire (PQ) developed by the researcher were used to collect data. The research instruments were pilot tested in two randomly selected public primary schools. Pre-testing the instruments was meant to validate and estimate their reliability in collecting the anticipated data. The questionnaires were further validated through review by four lecturers in the department of curriculum and instruction, Egerton University. The reliability indices for the instruments, these are teachers' and pupils' questionnaires were 0.81 and 0.76 respectively. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics which include frequencies, Percentages and Means. The findings of the study indicated that pupil's economic background, pupils' community culture and pupil's parental level of education influence access to primary education. The study has recommended that the FPE policy need to be backed by clear details on key points such as 'what free entails', this has left a vacuum that is interpreted differently in different primary schools. Parents should also be sensitized during class conferences and annual general meetings on the value of education and discourage cultural practices that hinder pupil's access to primary education. Adult literacy programme need also to be attached to every primary school in the division with the aim of getting parents aware of their role in pupil's access to PE
INFLUENCE OF KENYA PRISON REHABILITATION PROGRAMME ON REFORMATION OF RAPE OFFENDERS: A CASE OF KAMITI MAXIMUM PRISON, NAIROBI KENYA
(Egerton University, 2014-09) MUSAU, MBITHE ALICE.
Kenya prison rehabilitation programme is a programme that is used in reforming offenders in prison. The programme consists of designed training activities. Some of these activities include vocational trainings which are mandatory like carpentry, masonry while others are optional like sports, hobbies and motivational activities carried out to reform offenders. The offenders are taken through the activities by prison wardens and counsellors who supervise and record their progress irrespective of the crime one has committed. Despite all the rehabilitation activities, the number of rape recidivists in Kenyan prisons had increased from 12% in 1983 to 25% in 2005. Cases of rape also continue to increase and hardly a day passes without a woman or girl being raped. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Kenya prison rehabilitation programme on the reformation of rape offenders at Kamiti maximum prison in Nairobi County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. It targeted a sample of 145 respondents who were purposively selected from a total population of 299 rape offenders. Ten prison wardens and four counsellors were conveniently selected from the prison for the study. Data was collected through administration of questionnaires to the selected respondents. The collected data was processed and analysed using frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests at 0.05 significance level, with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0 for windows. The study findings indicated that 31% of rape offenders were above 36 years of age with the youngest being 21 years old. 95.2% of the respondents participated in mandatory activities on a daily basis and 66.2% rated these activities as either very good or excellent. Although optional, participation in motivational activities was also high with majority (78.6%) of the offenders rating these activities as either very good or excellent. The chi-square test indicated significant associations between ratings of both mandatory (Cramer’s V= 0.414, p=0.003) and optional activities (such as self-esteem at Cramer’s V= 0.417, p=0.00) and new skills/knowledge learnt. The study also found that the attitude of rape offenders towards the crime of rape significantly changed as they were going through the rehabilitation programme. Majority of rape offenders (72.4%) perceived the rehabilitation programme as being beneficial to them. 57% of prison wardens and counsellors reported that the rehabilitation programme could be useful in reducing rape recidivism rate. The study concluded that offenders acquired new skills and changed their attitude towards the crime committed. Therefore there is need to provide enough tools and machines; and employ more prison wardens and counsellors.
INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES ON MANAGEMENT OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: A CASE OF BAHATI DIVISION OF NAKURU DISTRICT, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2007-06) KINGORI, WANJOHI ISAAC.
Drug abuse in secondary schools in Kenya has been on the increase and identified as one of the major causes of indiscipline and unrest among students. The marked increase in consumption of both illegal and legal drugs in schools is continually highlighted in the local press media. The Ministry of Education and National Campaign against Drugs Abuse (NACADA) have shown great concern about the effects of this menace. This study sought to determine the infleunce of guidance and counselling on management of students’ drug abuse with special reference to Bahati Division. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. It targeted all the 47 secondary schools with a student population of 7767 and 472 teachers. A random sample of 120 students, ten teacher counsellors and ten head teachers were selected from ten schools. Data was collected through administration of questionnaires to the selected respondents. The collected data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 11.5 for windows. Descriptive statistics used included frequencies, percentages, tables, pie charts, bar graphs and cross-tabulations, while inferential statistics involved the use of chi square which was tested at = 0.05 significance level. The study findings indicate that cheap and easily available drugs were the most commonly used types of drugs among secondary school students. The common drugs used, which included alcohol and cigarette, were considered legal and generally accepted in the society. Most schools had the necessary management mechanisms to curb drug abuse among their students. Proper implementation and utilization of guidance and counselling services had a positive effect in the management of drug abuse among secondary school students. Guidance and counselling services were related to low level of drug taking in schools. Male students being the most vulnerable group to drug abuse were more targeted for guidance and counselling on drug abuse in secondary schools. These study findings are fundamental to policy makers responsible for the positive development of secondary school students in the country including the Ministry of Education, school administrators, teacher counsellors, students, parents and the entire society. While the study recommends development of more specific drug abuse management mechanisms targeting students, the important role played by guidance and counselling services in controlling the habit in schools is vividly highlighted.
IMPACT OF RETIREMENT ON STRESS LEVELS OF RETIRED PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BETWEEN 1995-2004: A CASE OF RACHUONYO DISTRICT, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2011-04) OSANO, ODIWUOR SHETH
An assessment of the stress levels of retirees is crucial for the success of retirement counselling. In Kenya, primary school teachers constitute majority of the country‘s public service, yet no studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of retirement on stress levels of retired primary school teachers. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the impact of retirement on stress levels of retired primary school teachers in Rachuonyo district, Kenya. Guided by specific research objectives, the study targeted the impact of counselling, individual attributes, perception and preparation for retirement of retired primary school teachers in Rachuonyo district, Kenya. To realise these objectives, the study adopted a descriptive survey in carrying out the research since no treatment was given to the study subjects before the research. The target population was 449 retired primary school teachers who retired between 1995 and 2004.To ensure representation proportionate sampling was done and 95 retired primary school teachers were sampled. A set of questionnaires was administered to the retired teachers available in the reseacher‘s contact location as well as to the retired teachers at the time they visited the D.E.O‘s office, Rachuonyo within the research period. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The inferential statistics used was the Pearson‘s correlation and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)version 12.1 was used in the data analysis. The study revealed that the impact of retirement on stress levels of retired primary school teachers in Rachuonyo is high, however, a good number of the respondents seemed not to be aware of the need to be counselled and where to get the counselling service to prepare them for retirement. The study also revealed that stress manifests itself differently in the respondents with signs such as feeling trouble to sleep, headache, making constant movements and the like. Lastly, the study revealed that majority of the respondents were between 57and 59 years of age. This study, therefore, concluded that majority of primary school teachers in the district retire without receiving retirement counselling. The researcher recommended that the Teachers‘Service Commission should set up counselling units in every district to provide effective counselling services to the teachers to prepare them for retirement and that further research should be conducted to evaluate factors that cause stress of retired primary school teachers in the district and possibly in the country
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTEGRATION OF PUPILS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN AN INCLUSIVE SETTING: A SURVEY OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TINDERET SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2015-11) KIRUI, KIPSANG STEPHEN
The debate about inclusive education has been lessened in many parts of the world and the society in Kenya is trying to digest into the education system the integration of pupils with special needs in an inclusive setting. Despite all these efforts there are still some challenges that affect inclusive education in our society from international level to local level. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence the integration of pupils with special needs in an inclusive setting. The specific objectives of the study were to determine how teacher training, suitability of physical facilities used, teacher perceptions on inclusive education and the support strategies used by school administrators for pupils with special needs influence inclusive education. The findings of this study would help teachers and school administrators strengthen the implementation of inclusive education by correcting any unfavorable attitudes, modifications, provision of resources and improve support strategies in the schools. Education administrators would benefit in the findings and would take appropriate actions for proper implementation. This would lead to improved education for all (EFA). It was hoped the study would provide a significant source of reference to school head teachers, teachers and other stakeholders on integration for pupils with special needs in an inclusive education set up. The study adopted the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) (2007). The research adopted a descriptive survey research design to carry out the study since it involved the study of various entities. To ensure adequate representation, a target population of 240 teachers and 40 PTA representatives were used. A sample of 120 teachers and 20 PTA representatives were chosen for the study. The results of the piloting indicated reliability of 0.803 was which is above the 0.70 threshold. This was in agreement with recommendation of Mugenda and Mugenda, (2003). The instrument was pilot tested to improve its validity and relevance of the objectives of the study. The questionnaires and the interview schedules were scrutinized for errors and omissions, ambiguity, legibility and relevance. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires and interview schedules. The data collected was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The instruments were piloted in one of the schools in Tinderet sub-county which was not included in the study. Data analysis was done by use of frequency tabulation and percentages. The study findings indicated that most of the teachers were not trained in special needs education and did not frequently attend inservice courses and workshops on special needs education. Further, hearing aids, visual aids, brails and wheelchairs were not available in most of the schools while demonstrations and crutches were available and suitable in most of the schools. The study further indicated that teachers believed that pupils with special needs could not interact with other pupils. Further most of the school administrations rarely supported students with special needs as they rarely provided the necessary resources, clarified to the teachers on how to handle them and they rarely motivated teachers. This study is very significant to the Ministry of Education in the development of policies on inclusive education in Kenya.
FACTORS INFLUENCING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROGRAMME IN THE INTEGRATION OF LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIREMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR ITS ENHANCEMENT IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TURKANA SOUTH SUB-COUNTY, TURKANA COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2016-04) LORIKIRIKI, LOWOSA ABRAHAM
With the introduction of free primary education (FPE) in Kenya, research evidence shows that there has been concern about the quality of instruction offered, due to the large class sizes. This has become more difficult for learners with disabilities. In order to address this challenge the government has encouraged the establishment of guidance and counseling services in schools among other roles to facilitate integration of children with visual impairments. However, there has been an outcry during the parents meetings and education days in Turkana South Sub County that learners with visual impairments have been performing poorly in academic work compared to their counterparts enrolled in the same institutions of learning; an indication that they may not be well integrated in the school system. Thus this study sought to establish factors influencing guidance and counseling programme in the integration of learners with visual impairments and strategies for its enhancement in public primary schools in Turkana South Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population consisted of 301 teachers. Out of the accessible population of 236 teachers, a sample of 59 was drawn. The accessible population was 236. Simple random sampling technique was used to select teachers involved. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages. The study findings indicated that teachers offer guidance and counseling services to learners with visual impairments but with negative factors influencing integration. The study concluded that teachers offered guidance and counseling services to learners with visual impairments. Some of the factors that affect integration of learners with visual impairments included lack of finance, harsh environment and shortage of trained personnel on special needs. The study recommended that the administration of the schools should intensify guiding and counseling so that it can help the visually impaired learners as well as learners with other difficulties. The school administration should also modify the schools’ physical environment in order to foster integration and ensure that learning materials are available for visually impaired learners. The Ministry of Education should also make school environments conducive and train teachers to enhance integration of learners
Effects of Female Genital Mutilation on girl child-a case study of the ilchamus comunity in marigat district rift valley kenya -Tenges Micah Letorian
(Egerton University, 2011-09) Leterian, Tenges Micah.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AS AN ALTERNATIVE DISCIPLINE METHOD TO CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: A CASE OF KIRINYAGA DISTRICT PRIMARY SCHOOLS, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2007-04) NJOGU, NDWIGA THOMAS
The Kenyan Government outlawed corporal punishment as a means of instilling discipline in schools in 2001, and guidance and counselling was introduced as a best practice in its place. The culture of the use of corporal punishment is deep rooted in many communities around the world. However, efforts are being made to introduce alternative methods to corporal punishment (Save the Children, Sweden 2003). This research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the alternative positive methods to corporal punishment in primary schools in Kirinyaga District in Central Province of Kenya. The study used the survey research design in which the respondents were sampled from each of the three divisions of Kirinyaga District namely; Ndia, Gichugu and Mwea. The purposeful sampling was used and a sample size of 205 respondents was selected. The sample included, 5 officers from the Ministry of Education, 50 parents, 50 teachers and 100 pupils were selected for data collection. Tools of data collection used included the questionnaires and focus group discussion. The validity of the instruments was determined by the supervisor and pilot tested for reliability. The questionnaire was the main tool and had a reliability coefficient at alpha scale of 0.70. Qualitative data from focussed group discussions was compiled and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. By use of computer Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), quantitative data was organized, coded and percentages, means and cross tabulations calculated. Chi-square was employed to test whether there was relationship between those who support the use of corporal punishment and administration of physical punishment and their experience at youthful stage. The study found that any physical punishment is not taken as corporal punishment but as a form of disciplining a child. The study also found that guidance and counselling programmes are alternative methods to corporal punishment. The study may significantly enrich the advocacy towards the ban of the cane in schools, homes and other learning institutions. The study therefore recommended that the child care professionals in conjunction with the Ministry of Education should spearhead a campaign for child protection and sensitize the public that hurting children as a punishment is unacceptable and places them at risk of physical and psychological harm.
EFFECT OF SMASSE IN-SERVICE EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS TEACHING BIOLOGY IN RACHUONYO SOUTH DISTRICT, HOMABAY COUNTY
(Egerton University, 2013-02) ABONG’O, OTIENO JOSEPH
SMASSE in-service education and training is a programme for mathematics and science teachers in secondary schools piloted in Kenya from 1999 to 2003 and rolled out nationally in 2004. It was conceived as an intervention to reduce the effects of factors that were perceived to be contributing to poor performance in mathematics and science, key of which are poor pedagogical skills and negative attitudes of teachers. However, its effect on these aspects had not been evaluated in Rachuonyo South district. This study evaluated the effect of SMASSE on teachers‟ pedagogical skills and attitudes to ascertain its relevance as an INSET programme. A descriptive survey research design was used in this study. The accessible population comprised all the SMASSE trained Biology teachers and the Biology students in Rachuonyo South district. A total of 60 Biology teachers and 300 Biology students formed the study sample. Simple random sampling was used to select the teachers while systematic random sampling was used to select the students. Two questionnaires were used to generate the required data from the teachers and students. Research specialists from the Faculty of Education and Community Studies, Egerton University, validated the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was estimated using Cronbach‟s Alpha coefficient after pilot-testing. Reliability coefficients of Biology Teachers‟ Questionnaire (BTQ) and Biology Students‟ Questionnaire (BSQ) were 0.85 and 0.90 respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results indicated that the pedagogical skills scored higher on mean frequencies and effectiveness after SMASSE INSET than before. T-test indicated that the mean attitude scores were significantly different before and after SMASSE INSET at α=0.05. The findings, therefore, show that teachers‟ pedagogical skills and attitudes after SMASSE INSET were better than before the INSET. It is concluded that SMASSE INSET has positively impacted on the pedagogical skills and attitudes of Biology teachers towards teaching Biology. It was however noted that some aspects of student-centred teaching approaches were still weak and irregular in Biology lessons. It is therefore recommended that the INSET be mainstreamed and regularised. It is also recommended that the principles of ASEI-PDSI be introduced in pre-service teacher education curricula. The findings of this study are useful in making teacher education, SMASSE INSET and other future INSETs more effective
DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION AGRICULTURE PROJECTS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
(Egerton University, 2015-11) MANYALI, JOHN WESONGA.
The assessment of the K.C.S.E agriculture project work has been plagued by disparities between the school and the external based assessments; with the inception of the 8-4-4 education system in Kenya the problem has become worse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Determinants of Quality Assessment of Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Agriculture Projects in selected secondary schools of Kakamega County from 1999 to 2003. The study endeavored to achieve the following objectives: determine the effect of teacher factors, student factors, school administration and management and KNEC marking guidelines and reports on quality assessment of K.C.S.E agriculture projects. The target population of the study consisted of 310 teachers of agriculture from 292 public and 14 private secondary schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 109 teachers of agriculture. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Conceptual framework and Achievement-Based Motivational Theory guided the study. Reliability coefficient value of 0.75 was obtained. The data was analyzed using descriptive, regression and inferential statistics using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results revealed that teacher factors, student factors, the level of administration and management commitment and KNEC guidelines positively and significantly affected the quality assessment of agriculture projects in secondary schools in Kakamega County. Therefore, the following were the conclusions of the study: increase in the teacher qualification by in service and further education, years of experience in teaching and integrity can have a positive and significant effect on the quality assessment of agriculture projects. When the student’s interest, commitment, creativity, attendance and involvement in preparation of the project increases, then quality assessment of agriculture projects will be enhanced. For quality assessment of agriculture projects to be improved in secondary schools, the school administration and management ought to provide adequate land, equipment, security, support and understand the agriculture project curriculum, and project requirements. The following can improve quality assessment of K.C.S.E agriculture projects: KNEC project guidelines should be sent on time, should be easy to understand, students should be treated fairly and there is need to have adequate feedback. The study recommends that quality assessment of agriculture projects can be enhanced through the following: use of qualified and experienced teachers with high integrity, vetting of students, timely provision of project input and resources and timely provision of projects guidelines by KNEC. The finding of the study are significant in that agriculture is an important income earner in Kenya and therefore training and quality assessment of K.C.S.E agriculture subject is important in preparing the future managers of the economy.

Browse

Recent Submissions