Determinants of Adoption of Solar Energy Technologies at the Household Level in Konoin Sub-County, Bomet County,Kenya

Abstract

Globally, the overall demand and cost of energy for fossil fuels is on the rise due to increasing population. The Kenyan government spends billions in importation of fossil fuels to meet its national demands. The increasing use of fossil fuels has significant ramifications to the environment, such as increase in carbon emissions. There is need therefore to adopt the use of green energy technologies like solar energy so as to minimize the negative effects of fossil fuels on the environment. Despite these, there is paucity of information on factors influencing adoption of solar energy technologies in the study area. Hence, this study sought to: examine the influence of perception on adoption of solar energy technologies; analyze the spatial variations in the adoption of solar energy technologies; and to find out the influence of socio-economic and geographical factors on adoption of solar energy technologies at household level. This study was grounded on two theories: Diffusion of Innovation and Technology Adoption Models. The study adopted a descriptive research survey design. The target population was 38178 households in Konoin sub-county. Using stratified- random sampling technique, a sample size of 387 households were picked for the survey. Further, purposive sampling was used to select 7 key informants for an in-depth study of issues under investigation. Primary data was collected from households using a semi-structured questionnaire and key informants’ interviews. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression. Results shows that perception alone has a weak relationship with adoption of solar energy technologies. The findings reveal that spatial variations, proximity to different green energy sources, such as hydropower, biogas, wind plants, and solar energy, influences adoption rates. Households who encounter significant cost changes are more inclined to embrace these sustainable energy alternatives. Social factors such as household size, perception of social norms, influence of others and community support have positively influenced adoption. Access to reliable information shows a weak negative relationship with adoption, indicating the importance of targeted and accurate information dissemination. Economic factors, including: beliefs about installation cost, incentives and long-term cost savings, influence adoption. Geographical factors, particularly individuals' location and access to sunlight-rich regions, also impact adoption. The findings of the study emphasize the need for a multi-faceted policy approach that addresses knowledge gaps, financial limitations, and spatial considerations to maximize solar energy adoption in Konoin.