Ekwar, Eyanae Paul2026-02-022026-02-022025http://41.89.96.81:4000/handle/123456789/3438Informal water vendors emerge in many urban areas to fill the water supply gap due to inability of water utilities to meet water supply needs of the urban populations. However, there has been concerns about the quality of water delivered by vendors due to uncertainty of the hygienic condition of transportation and storage tanks, and the status of the water sources. This study assessed selected water quality parameters of vended water in Lodwar town across water tankers, kiosks and piped water supply chains from the source to consumers. Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, temperature, salinity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were determined by universal meters Model HACH HQ 40d; HACH HQ 30d for Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and HACH HQ 11d for turbidity. NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, sulfate and fluoride were determined by calorimetric methods using light spectrophotometer at specific wavelengths. Alkalinity and chloride were determined by titration method. The concentrations of iron and lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method. Faecal coliform densities were determined by Membrane Filtration Technique (MFT) using Oxfam- DelAqua water testing kit (DWT code 11240). SPSS statistical software at a significance level of 0.05 using One-Way ANOVA was used to test for the difference of water quality parameters across the supply chains while, Pearson correlation analysis was used to test for relationships among tested water quality parameters. Independent –Samples Kruskal - Wallis test was used to test the prevalence of waterborne health risks from 2016 to 2020. The temperature (28.27-32.46°C), DO (3.66-7.50mg/L) and pH (7.58-8.65) were significantly different (p<0.05) using one-way ANOVA test across all the supply chains while, Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) (0-0.19mg/L), nitrite (0.004-0.005mg/L) and faecal coliforms (6.40-340.79CFUs/100mL) were significantly different (p<0.05) across water tankers and piped water supply chains using one-way ANOVA test. Turbidity (1.85-5.90mg/L), ammonia (0.0425-0.0426mg/L) and sulfate (0.0190.021mg/L) were significantly different (p<0.05) across water tankers supply chain while, nitrate (0.052-0.068mg/L) was significantly different (p<0.05) across kiosks supply chain using one-way ANOVA test. Inadequate water treatment, poor hygiene and improper water handling, lack of vendors monitoring and regulation, poor maintenance of piped system, water shortage and unreliable electricity supply at the water sources were identified to influence water quality in Lodwar town. The findings from this study provide the basic information on the status of water quality delivered by water vendors in Lodwar Town and inform water quality monitoring and regulation for the County Government of Turkana to improve water services and policy.enThesis